Showing posts with label Medical care. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Medical care. Show all posts

Tuesday, November 15, 2011

Batman sees his doctor.....

For those who are not acquainted with medical charts, this may seem a little clunky but what would Bruce Wayne's doctor write into his medical record???

Likely it would read something like this :


Patient BW, DOB 2/16/1971

by Russell Saunders (Russell Saunders is the ridiculously flimsy pseudonym of a pediatrician in New England.)
November 14, 2011

Patient: Wayne, Bruce

DOB: 2/16/1971

Occupation: Industrialist

Insurance: Self-pay

Emergency Contact: Dick Grayson, XXX-269-9637

Interval History: Patient was seen for his last annual physical approximately one year ago. Since that time he has had numerous visits for acute illnesses or injuries, generally accompanied either by his companion Mr. Grayson or Alfred, a senior member of his household staff. These recent maladies appear to be in keeping with the pattern that has emerged over the past several years, in which significant medical problems are associated with odd or incongruous explanations. Most recently, patient was seen for numerous areas of lower extremity cutaneous blistering, erythema and thickening, consistent with moderate to severe frostbite. Patient had reportedly gotten lost while camping in the mountains, but could not account for how he had sustained these injuries in mid-August.

Past Medical History: As stated, patient has a somewhat lengthy and complicated medical history, best summarized by system –

Orthopedic: By far the greatest contributor to patient’s ongoing morbidity are his multiple and seemingly ceaseless musculoskeletal injuries. The most significant of these was sustained several years ago, when he was rushed to GCGH with several fractures of his lumbar vertebrae, reportedly after falling while rappelling. Skeletal series obtained at that time revealed numerous (>20) areas of orthopedic injury in various states of healing, which could not be fully explained by recent fall, including areas of all extremities and many ribs; confirmatory bone scan similarly showed many areas of increased uptake. Patient’s robust stature is not consistent with osteogenesis imperfecta, and skin biopsy was negative for abnormal collagen and P3H1 or CRTAP genetic defects. Malignancy was suspected, but eventually ruled out following oncology consultation. Patient explained most of these (and most subsequent) injuries as being the result of membership in a private and apparently quite intense mixed martial arts club. Patient has denied being the victim of domestic abuse by Mr. Grayson following indirect and direct questioning on numerous occasions.

Neurologic: Patient has been evaluated numerous times over the past several years with complaints of headache, blurry vision, memory deficits, nausea and emotional lability. As with above injuries, most of these symptoms occur following some blow to the head during MMA sparring or competition, and were diagnosed as consistent with concussion. (Patient reports that the club frowns upon protective headgear, a stand with which he seemingly complies despite numerous exhortations to do otherwise.) Following the third such episode, patient was referred to neurology due to significant concern about second-impact syndrome. While no gray matter changes in the cingulate gyrus or white matter hyperintensities were noted on magnetic resonance imaging, given history and known risk factors neurology has recommended MRI to be repeated every two years, and they are arranging for diffusion tensor imaging in the near future.

Allergic: Earlier this year, patient was again rushed to GCGH for what appeared to be severe anaphylaxis, with marked angioedema of the face and hands, and widespread urticaria. After administration of high-dose IV Solu-Medrol, patient’s angioedema resolved sufficiently for him to report “tripping into a bunch of weeds” while hiking, and he eventually left the emergency department against medical advice. On outpatient follow-up, patient was referred for urgent allergy testing given the severity of his reaction. Skin-prick testing was negative for all food allergies, but was markedly and instantly positive in reaction to all plant allergens, such that a dose of IM Decadron was administered by allergist in the office. Despite was appears to be an extraordinary hypersensitivity to phytochemicals, patient has had no further symptoms following the one episode.

Psychiatric: During most visits, patient displays a somewhat somber and flat affect. Numerous inquiries into his mood yield answers that it is “just fine,” followed by requests to change the topic of questioning. While dysthymia or frank depression is suspected (particularly considering patient’s voluntary participation in flagrantly harmful recreational activities), patient seems to have avoided any major depressive episodes. More worrisome was an episode about a year and a half ago, during which patient appeared to have a psychotic break. On arrival at GCGH, patient was found to be suffering from vivid, terrifying hallucinations, rendering him essentially incoherent and requiring high doses of both benzodiazepines and haloperidol to abate. After regaining consciousness several hours later, patient stated that the “stress of [his] job” had gotten to him. He vehemently refused evaluation by Arkham consulting psychiatrist, and eventually left the ED AMA.

Social History: Patient denies smoking, drinking or taking any illegal controlled substances. He resides with Mr. Grayson, reportedly without romantic involvement. Diet consists largely of meals prepared by private household cooking staff. He reports serially monogamous sexual relationships with female partners. When asked, he states that he “usually has proper equipment,” which is interpreted to mean that condoms are used for contraception and STI prevention.

Family History: Both parents deceased (homicide). Generally assumed to be non-contributory

Physical exam:

Temp 98.7, HR 60, RR 12, BP 113/68

General – well-nourished, well-appearing adult male in NAD; alert, oriented, cooperative

Skin – confluent, symmetrical, faintly erythematous rash extending from anterior hairline onto malar region (“from the hazmat mask they make me wear when I visit the lab”); four linear, well-healed lacerations on left pectoral (“fencing accident”). Numerous ecchymotic areas in various stages of healing

Ext – well-defined (borderline hypertrophic) musculature. Limited active ROM in shoulders, elbows, wrists, knees, ankles, consistent with healing contusion/sprain or overuse injuries in numerous joints. Normal tone, strength UE/LE bilat.

Psych – well-groomed, pleasant and conversational. A & O x3. Affect somewhat flat (baseline, as stated above)

Assessment/Plan — 40-year-old male with complicated past medical history as noted. Generally normal exam, excepting the following:

Rash — Patient advised that mask seems to be causing an irritant rash, and advised him to have lab personnel fit him with another, less occlusive size.

Resting tremor — Given risk factors stated above, there is some concern about early Parkinsonism. Will contact patient’s neurologist to have next follow-up appointment moved up.

Joint stiffness — As with previous visits, patient was advised to consider recreational activities that carry less risk of ongoing physical injury, or at very least allow himself to heal fully from previous trauma before returning to participation. Given the apparently quite aggressive tendencies of patient’s MMA club, advised him that almost any other activity he might choose is likely to confer less risk of ongoing morbidity (or even mortality). Patient responded to this advice with his usual polite indifference.

Looking more globally, there is some concern that there is an underlying illness that accounts for some of patient’s extensive symptomatology. Discussed with patient that there may be some obscure syndrome that includes brittle bones, but also propensity for severe hypersensitivity, psychiatric symptoms and skin damage. Advised him that many journals publish reports of puzzling cases, which may allow other physicians to comment helpfully about treatments or diagnoses that might be pertinent. Patient politely but emphatically refuses consent for such publication at this time.

Advised patient to limit stress, continue with (hopefully more benign form of) physical activity, continue with healthy diet. Flu shot administered. Planned follow-up in one year, sooner as needed.

Saturday, June 18, 2011

On a wing & a prayer - U.S. Army "Dustoff" Medevac Crews risk it all to save their battle buddies


US ARMY DUSTOFF MEDEVAC Flight saves a wounded Marine in Sangin....The pictures show Lance Cpl. Blas Trevino from 1st Battalion, 5th Marines whose ordeal is detailed below.

These men & women are the heroes who fly into a hail of bullets, risking all to save a wounded battle buddy in Afghanistan's most dangerous places. No words can praise them well enough.


Bravo Zulu !!

Lucky Charms and Bullet Holes -- Flying Medevac
June 17, 2011
Associated Press by Anja Niedringhaus

"We got another mission," the message from U.S. Army medic Sgt. Josef Campbell read.

I jotted back: "Where?"

"Sangin, hot landing zone, Marines under fire, one is injured."

Southern Afghanistan remains a stronghold of the Taliban, and Sangin is a hotly contested district. The spring fighting season is now under way. That means more soldiers wounded by gunfire and bombings. And more work for the medics of the "Dustoff" helicopters.

As we approached Sangin, I saw an Afghan woman hanging her laundry inside the yard of her house. The tranquility of the scene helped me relax.

That sense of calm lasted just a few moments.

Dust, mud and grass churned up in front of us as the Black Hawk landed.

Campbell, 35, of Juniper, Idaho, reached out to open the door. Then gunfire erupted.

I heard a metallic sound and realized the helicopter had been hit. The pilot, Chief Warrant Officer 3 Dan Fink, quickly pulled the helicopter's nose toward the sky. All I could see in front of us were trees and power lines.

"If we are going to crash. I don't want to see it," I thought. My eyes shut, I held onto my seat belt.

I opened my eyes. We hadn't crashed. Slowly, the helicopter gained altitude and rose to safety.

We cruised slowly as Fink, 40, of Spring Hills, Kansas, and another pilot, Chief Warrant Office 2 Niel Steward, 34, of Grand Rapids, Michigan, checked the helicopter to make sure it could still maneuver. It could.

Only one thing rushed through my mind: "Please, please, just let us get out of here until that firefight down on the ground ends." But of course I didn't say that out loud.

After 15 minutes, I realized we would return to the same spot. As I looked at Campbell, I noticed his extraordinary level of concentration. He adjusted his gloves, reached for his assault rifle and then peered out of his open window.

I kept trying to find my lucky charms in my pockets.

The helicopter touched down right where we took fire only minutes earlier. The big side door slid open. I reached for my camera, feeling better because I could concentrate on something else.

Campbell jumped out first. He looked around. Neither of us could see the Marines. Suddenly, a Marine jumped up from a ditch nearby, one hand on his stomach and the other holding rosary beads.

The Marine sprinted toward us, turning around to wave to the others that he could make it to the helicopter. Another Marine tried to catch up to help him, but the injured Marine, Lance Cpl. Blas Trevino from 1st Battalion, 5th Marines, ran so fast he made it to the helicopter first.

Trevino latched onto Campbell in a desperate hug.

"You have made it! You have made it!" Campbell shouted over the whine of the idling helicopter.

Trevino collapsed on a stretcher, exhausted. He lifted his head to scream: "Yes, I have made it!"

As the helicopter lifted off again, the medics began treating Trevino for a gunshot wound to his stomach. During the 10-minute flight, Trevino kept praying while clutching his rosary beads. He gave us thumbs-up signal. He would survive the wound.

We landed at Forward Operating Base Edi outside Sangin but still in Helmand province. Medics carried Trevino into a hospital tent.

Meanwhile, Fink and Stewart walked around the helicopter, looking for damage.

Gunfire had struck five times in the tail. One bullet passed barely a third of an inch (1 centimeter) from the hydraulic system powering the huge helicopter. Another went through the metal near the fuel tank.

The two men took off their bulletproof vests.

"That was pretty close," they agreed.

Nineteen soldiers make up the U.S. Army "Dustoff" unit. The unit, based out of Landstuhl, Germany, operates from a gravel runway in Helmand province. The soldiers use plastic bags for toilets.

Most of their supplies, like food and water bottles, is dropped by parachute every other day from a plane. Marines run out of the camp to collect them, taking care not to step on land mines.

After a year in Afghanistan, members of the unit will head home with their memories. Spc. Jenny Martinez's voice grew soft as she recounted treating a Marine who stepped on an explosive and lost both of his legs.

She held his hand all the way to the field hospital.

"He didn't want to let me go," said Martinez, 24, of Colorado Springs, Colorado. But "I had to leave because we had another mission


Saturday, January 8, 2011

"If you arrive alive, you will survive." - Canadian Surgeons at KAF are among "the best of the best"

Many will write about those who fight in AFGHANISTAN, I like to feature stories about those who provide healing to all who are wounded there....

The Canadians have shared a major portion of that load in Afghanistan....I didn't always appreciate COMKAF (Command Kandahar Airfield) because the Canadian Command didn't always make good decisions BUT I will tell you, if you needed care, you really weren't concerned about the nationality of the medical team putting you back together...Here is a good story about a dedicated Canadian doctor and his experiences in the War Zone....




He who wishes to be a surgeon should go to war"
Canadian MDs risk life and limb in Afghanistan

By Graham Lanktree - The National Review of Medicine

Major Sandra West stepped out of the plane onto the dusty tarmac. This was Kandahar air base. Mere moments later word came down: 11 casualties, all of them Afghan National Army soldiers who had just been caught in a firefight, were headed her way.

Welcome to Afghanistan.

That was Maj West's brusque introduction to the country when she arrived last August. A senior military physician from Ottawa, she had been put in charge of all medical cases that were brought into the NATO air base hospital.

She found herself remembering Hippocrates' millennia-old aphorism: "He who wishes to be a surgeon should go to war."

"I knew more about gunshot wounds in my first week working in Kandahar than my entire career," says Maj West. "If you ever want to do trauma, after going through something like this nothing is going to faze you."

PREPARING FOR WAR
Maj West had little time to prepare for Afghanistan after being added on short notice to a rotation that would last from August through to the end of February this year. Just days before flying to Kandahar from Canada she finished a 12-week trauma course given by the military at Montreal General Hospital. "At the hospital, though, they get trauma cases in ones and twos — not eight or ten like we do in Kandahar," she says.

Or even more, sometimes. The worst situation she saw there brought 21 new Afghan patients into the hospital when 15 of the unit's 16 primary care beds were already occupied. For situations like that, military trauma physicians have developed their own triage shorthand: Alpha, for life threatening cases; Bravo, for serious wounds; and Charlie, for broken bones, cuts and bruises.

"You need lots of flexibility as a leader," observes Maj West. Not only to manage the number of staff working around you, but also to deal with whatever event is just around the corner. "Often we would get a call from a medic where they're under fire or they've been in a situation where there's an explosion," she reports. "They're trying to make an assessment and casualties could change in transit, or they don't know how bad the wounds are." She would have to prepare herself and the trauma team of at least nine other doctors for anything.

OUTSIDE THE WIRE
What the medics do on the front lines, however, is what really saves lives, says Maj West. There's a saying on the Kandahar airbase: "If you arrive alive, you will survive."

Captain Ray Wiss, an emergency physician from Sudbury, Ontario, treated soldiers in the critical moments after their injuries as the lead medic of an armoured ambulance crew. "One day when I was out there, one of our vehicles hit a mine," he recalls. "Trying to go from one injured guy to the other, to the other one, and making sure my team was doing this task, that task and managing everything — it was unforgettable. I was working at the most intense level I ever have. Your goal is to stabilize those people immediately. You're intubating them and starting multiple IVs and knowing that the chopper is 30 minutes away. It's stressful. You want to make all the right decisions."

AN UNUSUAL PATH
Capt Wiss's experience is unique; physicians rarely travel outside the wire, beyond the limits of the Kandahar base. But some paramedics had been killed, he says, and the military needed help out in the field. "When these gaps appeared people on the ground knew I had combat training as an infantry officer. So they asked me to take a front line position. I had to have a long conversation about it with my wife."

After only a couple of weeks in Kandahar working with Maj West as a trauma team leader, Capt Wiss set off for an outpost along the border of Pakistan on the edge of the Red Desert. It wasn't the first time he'd done something like this. He had trained in the Canadian infantry, working as a medic in South Africa in 1994 during the run-up to elections marking the end of apartheid, and Nicaragua in the mid-80s. He still carries a souvenir from Nicaragua: shards of an AK-47 bullet, lodged in his left knee.

When he responded to calls from Canadians, Capt Wiss would steel himself to treat severe injuries. "When Canadians come in it's always IEDs," he says. "The explosion comes from underneath so you're dealing with lots of leg wounds and other things from the waist on up. You can survive getting your legs ripped off. But if something happens to your chest and abdomen then the chances aren't as good." Luckily, in a pinch his skilled hands can perform needle thoracocentesis on collapsed lungs under some of the most extreme conditions.

CARING FOR THE TALIBAN
But Capt Wiss didn't only treat Canadians; many Taliban fighters who had just seen combat against Canada's forces would be brought in with gunshot wounds.

Captured Taliban fighters are terrified that at some point they're going to be tortured, he says. They're surprised when their wounds receive the same attention that a Canadian soldier's would.

Over at the Kandahar airbase the same prisoners treated outside the wire by Capt Wiss would be brought to see Maj West's team wearing blacked-out goggles and earmuffs to block any defining sights or sounds. They're then taken to a closed-off area where an interpreter, who translates between the medical staff and their patient, stands behind a screen hiding their identity. Maj West would also remove her nametag and rank. Just to be safe.

Some of her soldier colleagues learned to protect their identities the hard way. A number of soldiers purchased Afghan cell phones and used them to call back home. Resourceful Taliban fighters tapped into the calls and would later call those numbers back, terrorizing their families back in Canada by identifying themselves and saying "We've got your relative and you're never going to see them again."

Yet Maj West also felt for many of the Taliban fighters she treated. "Often they were young kids, 16 to 18 years old, who had been recruited to plant roadside bombs with the promise of money, or threats to their family's safety."

GAINING EXPERIENCE
Just a few weeks ago a Taliban rocket landed so close to the airbase medical building that it shook. Even on the heavily fortified NATO base rocket attacks aren't infrequent. So why would physicians — especially civilian physicians — put themselves in danger's way?

Dr Steven Wheeler, who finished his second tour in Afghanistan as a civilian at the end of February, says that he's a much better anesthetist for having gone. "I learned tons. In Canada I don't regularly take care of that many patients all at once. We would see four, seven patients arrive all together. If we ever had a mass casualty event in Calgary, now I'd be prepared."

Living with the military surgical staff taught him a lot. "My roommate was a surgeon from Vancouver. Over dinner we'd talk about abdominal compartment syndrome. I'd ask, 'What can I do to reduce this?' That constant sharing of ideas was excellent for my practice."

He learned to prioritize cases by their urgency as they arrived and was awed by the innovations that came from staff on all sides. (For more on the military's advances in emergency medicine, read our article in next month's issue).

FIGHTING SHORTAGES
About this time last year the Canadian military put out a desperate call for physicians to work in Afghanistan. They only had half the number of doctors they needed and military officials predicted it could be three to four years for the number to rise, staunching the gaps.

However, the response was quick. One year later, the military has the physicians it needs. Generous cash incentives for enlisting may have played a part. Physicians receive a signing bonus of $225,000 plus an annual salary of up to $165,000 for a four-year enlistment in the Canadian Forces, and medical students close to graduation get a signing bonus of $180,000 — enough to pay off looming debt. And civilian physicians are compensated handsomely; they make $3,000 to $5,000 per day for one-month tours. That totals up to $155,000 for just a month in Kandahar.

"For many, the money enables them to go to Afghanistan," Maj West says. "You're asking people to put their lives at risk. There's no guarantee you're going home alive or able to continue practising medicine." But she believes many of those who go aren't in it for the money.

Despite the risks, Dr. Wheeler says it was worth it to work with the Canadian medical team in Kandahar. "I would be very happy to go back to a situation like Afghanistan. It would be very difficult to find people doing that level of medicine anywhere. They truly are the best of the best."